The adjuster is an employee or contractor for the insurance company. Their primary job is to investigate your claim, assess the reported damages and liability, and ultimately settle the claim for the lowest amount that is legally reasonable. They are not your advocate or advisor. While many are professional, remember they work for the insurer’s financial interests. Your cooperation is necessary, but you should be cautious and prepared in all communications.

A judge or a jury decides the outcome based on the “preponderance of the evidence” standard. This is a much lower burden of proof than in a criminal case. It essentially means it is more likely than not (greater than 50% certainty) that the defendant’s actions caused the plaintiff’s harm. There is no verdict of “guilty” or “not guilty”; the finding is typically “liable” or “not liable” for the damages claimed.

This common defense is often irrelevant. Many states have “strict liability” laws where the owner is responsible for a bite even if the dog had no prior vicious history. In other states, you can still prove the owner was negligent—for example, by violating a leash law or failing to control their pet in a situation where any reasonable owner would have. The focus is on the owner’s duty of care at the time of the incident, not solely the dog’s past.