You can claim two main categories: economic (special) and non-economic (general) damages. Economic damages have clear receipts: all medical expenses, lost income (past and future), property repair/replacement, and out-of-pocket costs like travel for treatment. Non-economic damages cover intangible harms: pain and suffering, emotional distress, loss of companionship, and reduced quality of life. In rare cases of extreme misconduct, punitive damages may also be pursued to punish the wrongdoer.

Liability most often stems from a failure to meet basic safety standards. Key failures include lack of proper perimeter fencing with self-closing gates, insufficient depth markings, broken or missing drain covers, slippery decks, poor lighting, and inadequate supervision. For residential pools, not securing access to prevent unsupervised child entry is a major factor. In public or commercial settings, not having trained lifeguards on duty when required is a frequent cause of liability claims.

You must file within a deadline set by your state’s law, called a statute of limitations. This period typically starts from the date of your injury and is usually between two to three years, but it varies significantly. Missing this deadline will almost certainly bar your claim forever. Some complex cases involving long-term exposure may have different rules, making immediate legal consultation essential.