A proof of loss is a formal, sworn statement you submit to your insurer detailing the scope and financial value of your claim. It is a critical document, often required by the policy contract. It includes an inventory of damaged items, their value, and supporting documentation like receipts and photos. Filing it accurately and within the deadline set by your insurer is essential, as failure to do so can jeopardize your right to payment.

Involve a lawyer if there are severe injuries, significant long-term impacts, disputed liability, or a lowball settlement offer. Legal counsel is crucial if the adjuster is acting in bad faith, denying your claim without cause, or if multiple parties are involved. A lawyer handles all communication, values the claim accurately, and negotiates from a position of strength to protect your rights and secure fair compensation.

The insurance company will assign an adjuster to investigate. They will review your policy, assess the evidence, interview involved parties, and determine coverage and liability based on the facts and your policy terms. They may estimate repair costs or, for injury claims, evaluate medical reports. The insurer will then make a decision to accept or deny the claim, or to negotiate a settlement. This process can take from weeks to several months depending on complexity.