A first-party claim is when you make a claim for your own loss under your own policy, like using your collision coverage to fix your car. In liability, we deal with third-party claims. Here, you are the “first party,“ your insurer is the “second party,“ and the person making the claim against you is the “third party.“ Your insurance handles the third party’s claim for damages they allege you caused. The insurer pays them directly if you are found liable, protecting your personal finances.

You should obtain a detailed, written estimate from a licensed, reputable contractor—not the insurance company or the at-fault party’s adjuster. An independent contractor works for you and has a duty to provide a complete scope of work based on current market rates. Their estimate reflects the true cost to fix the damage properly. Relying on the other side’s estimate often results in a lowball figure that excludes necessary repairs or uses subpar materials.

At a bare minimum, you must get their full legal name and a current phone number. An email address and physical address are highly valuable additions. If possible, also note their connection to the event (e.g., “was walking dog,“ “driver of blue car”). This core set of details allows an investigator or attorney to follow up for a full, formal statement while the event is still fresh in the witness’s mind.